Evaluating Remedial / Developmental Education Essay

Colleges have been changing how they approach education dramatically over the last decade. For many years, the common perception of how colleges were preparing students involved, teachers providing lectures, students doing various homework assignments and then being evaluated. Students either passed or failed. How much time and effort individuals put into their studies became the only way colleges measured student success outcomes. Often, colleges did not find themselves bearing the burden of responsibility for poor student outcome statistics. In recent years, the responsibility for student success has begun to fall more heavily on the schools. As the shift in responsibility switched, colleges have challenged themselves with redefining how they approach educating students. According to Grubb and Associates’ article, From Black Box to Pandora’s Box. Evaluating Remedial/Developmental Education, â€Å"Accepting this responsibility means identifying and then corre cting the many possible reasons for non-completion or failure to learn- in short, providing remedial/developmental education, tutoring, counseling, and other forms of student services† (4). Within college education, there are two main types of schools. Students either enroll in a four-year university or a two-year community college. Where they are able to gain acceptance, often, depends on their level of preparedness. Two- year colleges have less demanding admission requirements. Christopher Shults article,Show MoreRelatedHow Education Has Changed Over The Last Decade Essay2238 Words   |  9 PagesColleges have changed how they approach education dramatically over the last decade. For many years, the common perception of how colleges were preparing students involved, teachers providing lectures, students doing various homework assignments and then being evaluated. Students either passed or failed. How much time and effort individual’s put into their studies b ecame the only way colleges measured student success outcomes. Often, colleges did not find themselves bearing the burden of responsibilityRead MoreIdentifying Emerging Issues in Higher Education3377 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Running Head: Identifying an Emerging Issue in Higher Education Identifying an Emerging Issue in Higher Education Identifying an Emerging Issue in Higher Education Since time immemorial, education has been undoubtedly and certainly the most significant component of development for not only the individual that help them in achieving their status and prosperity but also for the entire countrys economic growth and equity. Besides, higher education is a necessity that can lead the nation towards successRead MoreThe Success Of Learning Disabled High School Students806 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom survey of academic orientations scores. Research in Higher Education, 42(6) 709-723 Belch, H. (2004). Retention and students with disabilities. Journal of College Student Retention, 6 (1) 3-22. Brandt, M. Berry, J. (1991). Transitioning college-bound students with learning disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 26 (5), 297-391. Brinckerhoff, L. C., Shaw, S. F., McGuire, J. (2002). Promoting postsecondary education for students with learning disabilities. Second Edition. AustinRead MoreThe Literacy Education Is Not A New Issue1810 Words   |  8 Pagespostsecondary education. The College Board (2013) reports as many as 57% of students completing the SAT exams did not meet the benchmark for college level coursework; this figure may present low, as it does not necessarily include the countless students who do not attempt the test, as they are planning on attending postsecondary schools not requiring these scores for admissions or not planning on continuing their education after high school. Individuals might point fingers at secondary education and blameRead MorePrenatal Alcohol Exposure And Ability, Academic Achievement, And School Functioning Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorders (ARND) that are expressed as developmental, disabilities, behavior, and learning problems (Stratton, Howe, Battaglia, (199 6).† The authors’ theory was based on a survey issued by Barr, Kogan, and Bookstein (1996). The survey was issued to 441 clients which revealed that 60% of those patients who were 12 years or older, had either been expelled, suspended or dropped out. This common finding among them were called disrupted school experiences. After evaluating the surveys, authors saw a correlationRead MoreAnalysis of The Doctoral Research Process 1562 Words   |  7 Pages Fizmaurice, 2011). Some authors describe critical thinking as the directing of writer’s thoughts in a comprehensible manner (Elder Paul, 1994). Other thinkers expand this thought indicating that critical thinking involves: asking questions, evaluating data, assessing information, thinking with an open mind, and conveying the information efficiently to others (Duron, Limbach, Waugh, 2006). While good writing skills are necessary to communicate information effectively, many schools of higherRead MoreCollege Readiness System5622 Words   |  23 PagesCOLLEGE STUDENTS Defining College Readiness from the Inside Out: First-Generation College Student Perspectives Kathleen Byrd, M. Ed. Developmental Education Reading and English Instructor South Puget Sound Community College 132 Plymouth St. N.W., Olympia, WA 98502 kathb@u.washington.edu. (360) 754-2889 Ginger MacDonald, Ph.D. Director and Professor of Education University of Washington, Tacoma 1900 Commerce Street, WCG – 324, Tacoma, WA 98402 gmac@u.washington.edu. (253) 692-5690 CollegeRead MoreThe Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2809 Words   |  12 PagesYear round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollments and lack of student achievementRead More The Benefits of Year Round Education and Extended School Days2729 Words   |  11 Pages Year round education (YRE) is implemented in 436 U.S. school districts with very few complaints. In fact, school districts that have been participating in YRE and extended school days (ESD) are raving about the benefits in pupils achievement level, their new found enthusiasm in learning, as well as the many programs that exist in the extended day promoting the decline in latch key children. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some schools decided to initiate YRE and ESD because of swelling enrollmentsRead MoreTest Analysis : Tests Analysis Essay2701 Words   |  11 Pagesthe instrument?s theoretical and methodological subtleties. Nevertheless, the author does highlight what can be deemed the previously unexplored domains for the screen?s practical deployment, such as using it within the context of how one designs a remedial intervention. 4. The article?s main finding is that, even though there is the apparent lack of axiomatic integrity to the discussed instrument, there can be only a few doubts about its practical usefulness, ?The Brigance Kl Screen? is a well-organized

Synesthesia - 1331 Words

Synesthesia: What We Know and Dont Know How many of us know what synesthesia is? What do we eat it with? How is it used or what is it used with. Well let me just tell you that synesthesia is a condition in which people have difficulty distinguishing between various sensory inputs. Synesthesia comes from two Greek words, syn, which means together, and aesthesis, which means perception. Therefore synesthesia literally means, Joined perception. Synesthesia is an involuntary joining in which the real information of one sense is accompanied by a perception in another sense.(web.mit.edu) In addition to being involuntary, this additional perception is regarded by the synesthete as real, often outside the body, instead of imagined†¦show more content†¦Synesthesia tends to be in: a) women, in the US, studies show that three times as many women as men have synesthesia; in the UK, eight times as many women have been reported to have it and the reason for this difference is not known yet. b) Left-handed: synesthetes are mo re likely to be left-handed than the general population. c) Neurologically normal: synesthetes are of normal intelligence, and standard neurological exams are normal. d) It can also run in the same family: synesthesia appears to be inherited in some fashion; it seems to be a dominant trait and it may be on the X-chromosome. But no only non-famous people have synesthesiaÂ…no also famous people have this disorder. Famous people that we might not have heard of or might not ever seen before have synesthesia. People like Vasily Kandinsky, a painter, Oliver Messiaen, a composer, Charles Baudetaire, a poet, Franz Liszt, a composer, Arthur Rimbaud, a poet, and Richard Phillips Feynman, a physicist. Some of these artists barely even know that they have synesthesia and the reason we know that is because they express it in their artwork and others do know they have synesthesia. How could we know if we are going to have or how we got synesthesia? There is a biological explanation for having synesthesia. Some scientists believe that synesthesia results from crossed-wiring in the brain. (wearcam.org) There is a hypothesis, which isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Synesthesia2675 Words   |  11 Pagesdifferent from most. Synesthesia is a perceptual bonus or condition, not a disease for those who experience it; I believe the condition should be more widely explained and understood by the general populous and res ources made available to the people to see if they are Synesthetes. This can be done by examining how synesthesia works, the abilities of mirror neurons, what and how synesthetes feel, what qualifies a person to be synesthetic, and my personal experiences with synesthesia. If the general populationRead MoreHistory of Synesthesia Essay examples1781 Words   |  8 PagesHistory of Synethesia July 11,2006 History of Synesthesia Synesthesia has been known to medicine for almost three hundred years. After interest peaked between 1860 and 1930, it was forgotten, because psychology and neurology were premature sciences. Psychological theory was full with associations, and concepts of nervous tissue were insignificant. Subjective experience, such as synesthesia, was believed not a proper subject for scientific study.(pg3) Synesthesias history is interestingRead MoreEssay on What Is Synesthesia?1005 Words   |  5 PagesNeurological disease known as Synesthesia is not present. Synesthesia is Greek for â€Å"syn=together and aisthesis=perception† (Cytowic, 1995) and by definition means â€Å"joined sensations† (Ciccarelli White, 2012, p.88), meaning that two of peoples 5 senses are connected together. Normally this is a fusion of sound and sight, but this can also include taste, touch, and smell for some people. Let’s delve deeper and learn more about what Synesthesia is exactly. Synesthesia was first discovered in 1812 andRead MoreThe Multi Layered Nature Of Synesthesia1840 Words   |  8 PagesCentral University in Taiwan describes his neurological condition called synesthesia.1 Synesthesia is a neurological condition in which the stimulation of one sense is automatically accompanied by a second sense. There are many different types of synesthesia ranging from grapheme-color synesthesia, associating letter and numbers with colors, to spatial sequence synesthesia, associating numerical sequences to points in space. Synesthesia is a complex condition that is not fully yet understood but has a complexRead MoreEssay on Commonality of Synesthesia Induced by Serotonin732 Words   |  3 PagesThe study of synesthesia has grown exponentially over the past few decades and as a result there is some level of ambiguity as to the scope of what defines it. Gail Martino and Lawrence Mark propose that synesthesia can be categorized into strong or weak. The former refers to those who experience â€Å"a vivid image in one sensory in response to stimulation in another†, whereas the latter is characterized as â€Å"cross-sensory correspondence[s] expressed through language, perceptual similarity and perceptualRead MoreSenses Are Important For Everyday Life Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pagesworld very differently than the average person. Those people have a condition called synesthesia. The word synesthesia means union of the senses (WC #4). Synesthesia is a condition where one sense is perceived simultaneously with another sense. It can involve any of the senses, and can join objects such as letters, shapes and numbers with a sense perception such as color, taste, or smell (WC #1). Synesthesia is not a perception that happens only one way. In can vary in many different forms; itRead More Synaesthesia Essay1957 Words   |  8 Pagesknown as learned association. For example, childrens books may be written in different colour text and so the child learns to associate certain words with colours and this can become automatic, (http://www.macalester.edu/~psych/whathap/UBNRP/synesthesia/pseudo.html). What Causes Synaesthesia ======================== Although not yet fully understood and until recently considered to be amusing yet unimportant, there have been a few different claims on what causes synaesthesia. Dr. SimonRead MoreComparing Synesthesia And The Bower Essay2303 Words   |  10 PagesSynesthesia and the Bower: An Analysis of â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† by John Keats Filled with sensorial imagery, John Keats’s use of the senses in â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† leads to synesthetic description in order to convey what he is feeling and what he is imagining. This poem is based in a desire for escape and this is achieved through an imaginative bower in the speaker’s mind. The speaker is taken to this bower â€Å"on the viewless wings of Poesy† (Ode 928) whose song has put him into such a sublimeRead MoreSynesthesia And Music And Understanding The Mechanisms2011 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract: Synesthesia is a phenomenon in which one sense or part of the body is stimulated by another sense or part of the body. For example, certain sounds or visuals can stimulate and be related to colors, textures or smells. This article primarily focuses on synesthesia and music and understanding the mechanisms in the brain that allow certain people to see colors when listening or playing music. This review will also reference and analysis research that has been conducted on synesthesia in the brainRead MoreThree Types Of Synesthesia As A Phenomenon2315 Words   |  10 PagesSynesthesia is a phenomenon in which one sense or part of the body is stimulated by another sense or part of the body. For example, certain sounds or visuals can stimulate and be related to colors, textures or smells. There are many types of synesthesia that has been identified and studied by researchers dating back to ancient Greece and classified in the early 19th century. In this paper, three types of synesthesia w ill be studied: grapheme/color synesthesia synesthesia, color/sound synesthesia

Linux Security Using Iptables

Question: Discuss about the Linux Security Using Iptables. Answer: Introduction All the IT systems connected in the internet are always under various threats. Linux servers are used for most of the web based application hosting purposes. Hence Linux web based servers are under serious security threat always. Hardware firewalls are used to prevent security breaches in the network. Hardware firewalls got their own disadvantages. The cannot solve all the firewall objectives. IPTables is the software firewall used in most of the Linux operating systems (Baki Billah Rahman, 2013). A brief study about the IPTables will be done. Various configurations will be done in IPTables and the configurations are tested. Main uses and limitations will be discussed later. Importance of IPTables Firewall The IPTables follows some setup rules based on some set of policies. When data request comes the rules will be checked and communication path will be controlled based on the rules. IPTable will check the source and destination IP addresses, requested service protocol, duration and many other things. All these details will be checked for any suitable match in the rules. If the match is there then the action defined in the IPTables will be done. Otherwise default rules will apply to that data transfer communication (Bauer Bauer, 2005). Installation of IP Tables Kali Linux is installed in a virtual server. Installed I P tables using the following command. The present rules of the IP tables will be listed out using the following command. The structure of the chain policies are as follows. Listing current rules To check the existing rules of the IPTables rules use the following command. Default INPUT, OUTPUT, Forward rules will be shows as follows ("7.4. FORWARD and NAT Rules", 2016). To discard the present rules (Not default rules) and to restart the firewall Configuration of IPT IPTable Firewall Rejecting all ssh packets. This rule is to block SSH packets from any IP or IP ranges ("How To List and Delete Iptables Firewall Rules | DigitalOcean", 2016). Iptables -l INPUT s 192.168.100.100 p tcp dport ssh j REJECT Tested SSH access from 192.168.100.100 to the server 192.168.1.1 and got connection refused result ("HowTos/Network/IPTables - CentOS Wiki", 2016) If we check the logs of the IPTables Allowing ssh remote connections Discarded the existing IPTable rules. The following rule allows the SSH connections from outside ("iptables - Debian Wiki", 2016). For outgoing ports, the following rule allows SSH connection ("iptables - Debian Wiki", 2016) Block ping To block the PING responses (XenServer et al., 2016) # echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all To block ping permanently the following command needs to go to /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1 To set these changes without rebooting the system # sysctl p Reject all traffic coming to port 80 This is mainly used in web servers where the service port for web services is 80. To reject web service request at port 80. Block incoming traffic connection to your IP address of your virtual machine. The following rule will block all the incoming connections to IP Address of 192.168.1.1 Iptables -A INPUT -i eth0 -s 192.168.1.1/16 -j DROP Block all the incoming connect ions from a specific MAC address Block all the incoming connect ions from a specific MAC address and a port Allow traffic coming to port 80 (inbound) but reject traffic going out (outbound) through port 80. Testing IPTables To start the real testing process, firstly installed all the iptables in the operating system Kali Linux. Then, checked the rules present in the firewall, after completing the checks ensured to save and restore the present rules in the form of a text file. Once this process is completed, all the required tests can be started. The point to be remembered is that, before carryout any test the previous test rules must be deleted ("Iptables Essentials: Common Firewall Rules and Commands | DigitalOcean", 2016) ("IptablesHowTo - Community Help Wiki", 2016). The first test is carried out for rejecting all the SSH packets. In order to complete this test ifconfig language is used. This will be helpful to make connection with the internal network. So once the connection is established, on the destination port 22 the tcp packets must be rejected. Further, made sure that the line number and the rules match with each other. To check whether the test is completed successfully, use another system with a different IP address and check whether the connection works or not. In case, if the connection is rejected by the host then it means that the test is successfully completed and it has rejected all the SSH packets. As mentioned earlier, ensure to delete the previously used rules. This test is carried out to establish ssh connection. The very first step of this test will be to accept the tcp packets from the destination port 22. Then use another system with a different IP address and check whether the connection works or not. In case, if the connection is accepted by the host then it means that the test is successfully completed and it has accepted the SSH connection if not the connection has failed. From the previous test, delete all the previously used rules. This test is carried out to check whether a connection is established and able to ping the other system with different IP address. The first step of this test will be to reject the icmp packets for denying the ping. After rejecting the icmp packets check whether it is possible to ping the other IP address system or not. Delete all the previously used rules from the previous test. This test is carried out to check the rejection of traffic from the port 80. The first step of this test will be rejecting the traffic that comes from the port 80. Then the next is to check whether the website server is installed. If the website server is installed then the web page will be connected from another system with a different IP address and if not the port 80 is rejecting all the traffic coming from it. Delete all the previously used rules from the previous test. This test is carried out to check whether all the traffic is blocked or not. The first step of this test will be to drop all the internal access from the host. Then use another system with a different IP address for pinging the host machine. Thus, it shows whether the traffic connection is blocked or not. Delete all the previously used rules from the previous test. This test is carried out to check whether the port 80 has become a one way traffic port. The first step of this test will be to reject all the traffic that goes out and comes in from the port 80. Next step is to use another system with a different IP address and the host machine for testing whether it is possible to connect with the web server or not. In case, if the host machine fails to receive the connection and if the other system with a different IP address has successfully established connection then it means that the port 80 has become a one way traffic port. More Details about IPTable Firewalls, Merits and Demerits It got lot of advantages. The ipchains design is dropped completely and a new architecture is implemented called as Netfilier. It provides a clear modular design. It creates a strong expansion. It achieves a NAT.ipchains that is dynamic in nature. These NAT.ipchains are basically addresses that are disguised as multiple pairs. It helps in achieving user filtering. It helps in achieving MAC. It helps in achieving a real filtering process that depends on the state. It helps in achieving the transiting rate limit of a packet. It helps the iptables of Linux with free firewall tools. And it provides open source that is free of cost. In case, if the setting of the software firewall is set right, then it functions effectively. The IP layer and the TCP layers are used for filter. It is flexible. Connection tracking is an important feature. Multiple ports can be controlled in both incoming as well as outgoing connections. One set of IP range can be allowed or rejected. Application and port le vel allow/reject also possible (Jang, 2009). IPchains got -l flag to log the activity. IPTables don't have it. IP masquerading which is supported by ipchains is not supported by iptables ("Man page of IPTABLES", 2016). For high pocket rates low performance is observed. It is difficult to maintain and got less performance. IPTables got only two type of activities. Match and log is the first one. Match and drop is the second one. The firewalls that are hardware based are expensive. It is difficult for the user with fewer budgets to purchase the hardware based firewall (Negus Caen, 2008).It is difficult to solve security issues. The rules are set by the iptables for controlling the data packets access. It affects the network traffic. The table of rules might be large and complicated. If the complexity increases then it becomes difficult for testing. It will contain many loopholes due to complexities and complex rules. It depends on a single component for protecting the system. The packet filtering can just help in prevention of t he IP deception. One can use the port module for setting the list of ports. One can make use of network data stream for deciding the rules for the multiple network interfaces. One can ensure to avoid the deception rule of the source address. One can stop the high flow of the data in specific ports Circuit Relay Firewall It won't offer end to end connection but it relays the TCP connections between internal circuit and external circuit. When connecting to external network there will be a proxy before firewall. Proxy changes the IP addresses of the internal circuits to the external world. External world can see only the IPs of the proxy. Thus the internal IPs are saved. The circuit level firewall supports applications. It acts as a gateway with the help of SOCKS packages which is based on RFC 1928 based. This RFC explains the internal to external client server framework that covers both TCP and UDP domains. It got its own rules in forwarding ICMP messages. References 7.4.FORWARD and NAT Rules. (2016).Access.redhat.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/4/html/Security_Guide/s1-firewall-ipt-fwd.html Baki Billah, S. Rahman, M. (2013).Design Development of Network Security System using IP Tables. Saarbrucken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Bauer, M. Bauer, M. (2005).Linux server security. Sebastapol, CA: O'Reilly. How To List and Delete Iptables Firewall Rules | DigitalOcean. (2016).Digitalocean.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-list-and-delete-iptables-firewall-rules HowTos/Network/IPTables - CentOS Wiki. (2016).Wiki.centos.org. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Network/IPTables iptables - Debian Wiki. (2016).Wiki.debian.org. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://wiki.debian.org/iptables Iptables Essentials: Common Firewall Rules and Commands | DigitalOcean. (2016).Digitalocean.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/iptables-essentials-common-firewall-rules-and-commands IptablesHowTo - Community Help Wiki. (2016).Help.ubuntu.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo Jang, M. (2009).Ubuntu server administration. New York: McGraw-Hill. Man page of IPTABLES. (2016).Ipset.netfilter.org. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://ipset.netfilter.org/iptables.man.html Negus, C. Caen, F. (2008).Ubuntu Linux toolbox. Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Pub. XenServer, x., XenServer, H., Linux, H., Linux, H., systems, H., WINE, I. et al. (2016).Collection of basic Linux Firewall iptables rules.Linuxconfig.org. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://linuxconfig.org/collection-of-basic-linux-firewall-iptables-rules.